Einstein Second Letter To Roosevelt

I wish to draw your attention to the development which has taken place since the conference that was arranged through your good offices in October last year between scientists engaged in this work and governmental representatives.

Last year, when I realized that results of national importance might arise out of research on uranium, I thought it my duty to inform the administration of this possibility. You will perhaps remember that in the letter which I addressed to the President I also mentioned the fact that C. F. von Weizsäcker, son of the German Undersecretary of State, was collaborating with a group of chemists working upon uranium at one of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes - namely, the Institute of Chemistry.

Since the outbreak of the war, interest in uranium has intensified in Germany. I have now learned that research there is carried out in great secrecy and that it has been extended to another of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes, the Institute of Physics. The latter has been taken over by the government and a group of physicists, under the leadership of C. F. von Weizsäcker, who is now working there on uranium in collaboration with the Institute of Chemistry. The former director was sent away on leave of absence, apparently for the duration of the war.
Should you think it advisable to relay this information to the President, please consider yourself free to do so. Will you be kind enough to let me know if you are taking action in this direction?

Dr. Szilard has shown me the manuscript which he is sending to the Physics Review in which he describes in detail a method of setting up a chain reaction in uranium. The papers will appear in print unless they are held up, and the question arises whether something ought to be done to withhold publication.

I have discussed with professor Wigner of Princeton University the situation in the light of the information available. Dr. Szilard will let you have a memorandum informing you of the progress made since October last year so that you will be able to take such action as you think in the circumstances advisable. You will see that the line he has pursued is different and apparently more promising than the line pursued by M. Joliot in France, about whose work you may have seen reports in the papers.

Eistein First Letter To Roosevelt

This Letters are given here to acknowledgement about the Revolution of Atom Bomb.

These letters shows the steps of Evolution.

Albert Einstein

Old Grove Rd.

Nassau PointPeconic,

Long Island

August 2nd 1939

F.D. Roosevelt

President of the United States

White HouseWashington, D.C.

Sir:

Some recent work by E.Fermi and L. Szilard, which has been com-municated to me in manuscript, leads me to expect that the element uran-ium may be turned into a new and important source of energy in the im-mediate future.

Certain aspects of the situation which has arisen seemto call for watchfulness and, if necessary, quick action on the partof the Administration. I believe therefore that it is my duty to bringto your attention the following facts and recommendations:In the course of the last four months it has been made probable -through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard inAmerica - that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reactionin a large mass of uranium,by which vast amounts of power and large quant- ities of new radium-like elements would be generated.

Now it appearsalmost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future.This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs,and it is conceivable - though much less certain - that extremely power-ful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of thistype, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroythe whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. However,such bombs might very well prove to be too heavy for transportation byair.
The United States has only very poor ores of uranium in moderatequantities. There is some good ore in Canada and the former Czechoslovakia.while the most important source of uranium is Belgian Congo.In view of the situation you may think it desirable to have morepermanent contact maintained between the Administration and the groupof physicists working on chain reactions in America.

One possible wayof achieving this might be for you to entrust with this task a personwho has your confidence and who could perhaps serve in an inofficialcapacity.

His task might comprise the following:a) to approach Government Departments, keep them informed of thefurther development, and put forward recommendations for Government action, giving particular attention to the problem of securing a supply of uran-ium ore for the United States;b) to speed up the experimental work,which is at present being car-ried on within the limits of the budgets of University laboratories, byproviding funds, if such funds be required, through his contacts with yprivate persons who are willing to make contributions for this cause,and perhaps also by obtaining the co-operation of industrial laboratorieswhich have the necessary equipment.

I understand that Germany has actually stopped the sale of uraniumfrom the Czechoslovakian mines which she has taken over. That she shouldhave taken such early action might perhaps be understood on the groundthat the son of the German Under-Secretary of State, von Weizsäcker, isattached to the Kaiser-Wilhelm-Institut in Berlin where some of theAmerican work on uranium is now being repeated.

Yours very truly,

Albert Einstein

Satyagraha in Einstein

Have you ever notice the parallelism between the destruction and peace....

Both had been evoluted side by side.......see report and judge urself::

Ghandhi ji was assassinated in 30th January 1948. The following year, when Nehru visited the US he related his conversation with Gandhi to Albert Einstein. With a twinkle in his eyes, Einstein wrote down a number of dates on one side, and events on the other, to show the parallel evolution of the nuclear bomb and Gandhi’s satyagraha respectively — almost from decade to decade since the beginning of the 20th century.

It turned out that by a strange coincidence that while Einstein and his fellow scientists were engaged in work which made the fission of the atom possible, Gandhi was embarking on his experiments in peaceful, non-violent satyagraha in South Africa; indeed the Quit India struggle almost coincided with the American project for the manufacture of the atom bomb.

Einstein Letter To Mahatma Gandhi

Einstein Letter To Mahatma Gandhi::->

Translation::
Respected Mr. Gandhi !
I use the presence of your friend in our home to send you these lines. You have shown through your works, that it is possible to succeed without violence even with those who have not discarded the method of violence. We may hope that your example will spread beyond the borders of your country, and will help to establish an international authority, respected by all, that will take decisions and replace war conflicts.
With sincere admiration,
Yours A. Einstein.
I hope that I will be able to meet you face to face some day.

And here is Gandhi's response to Einstein's letter:
LONDON, October 18, 1931
DEAR FRIEND,
I was delighted to have your beautiful letter sent through Sundaram. It is a great consolation to me that the work I am doing finds favour in your sight. I do indeed wish that we could meet face to face and that too in India at my Ashram.
Yours sincerely,
M. K. GANDHI

source::http://streams.gandhiserve.org/einstein.html

Who Was Great::Einstein Or Gandhi

The year 2005 is being celebrated as the World Year of Physics (WYP 2005) to honour the centenary of Einstein's contributions to physics in 1905.

In that year Einstein had published the papers on photoelectric effect, theory of relativity and the Brownian motion. In my openion Einstein is one of the two greatest men of the last century, the other being Mahatma Gandhi. While Einstein represents the best in physics, Gandhi was the greatest spiritual person of the period. Einstein once remarked about Gandhi in the following words:

Thousand years after, the world would scarcely believe that such a man in flesh and blood had ever walked on earth.

This was a remark coming from a great scientist about a great spiritualist.

Einstein On Mahatma Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi's life achievement stands unique in political history.

He has invented a completely new and humane means for the liberation war of an oppressed country, and practised it with greatest energy and devotion.

The moral influence he had on the conciously thinking human being of the entire civilized world will probably be much more lasting than it seems in our time with its overestimation of brutal violent forces.

Because lasting will only be the work of such statesmen who wake up and strengthen the moral power of their people through their example and educational works.We may all be happy and grateful that destiny gifted us with such an enlightened contemporary, a role model for the generations to come.

Einstein::A Letter To Nehru

Einstein's letter of June 13 1947 to Nehru focused on moral and historical arguments. He opened with praise for India's constituent assembly, which had just abolished untouchability. "The attention of the world was now fixed on the problem of another group of human beings who, like the untouchables, have been the victims of persecution and discrimination for centuries" - the Jews. He appealed to Nehru as a "consistent champion of the forces of political and economic enlightenment" to rule in favour of "the rights of an ancient people whose roots are in the East". He pleaded for "justice and equity". "Long before the emergence of Hitler I made the cause of Zionism mine because through it I saw a means of correcting a flagrant wrong."

But then Einstein took the bull by the horns, "the nature of the Arab opposition. Though the Arab of Palestine has benefited... economically, he wants exclusive national sovereignty, such as is enjoyed by the Arabs of Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria . I

t is a legitimate and natural desire, and justice would seem to call for its satisfaction." But at the end of the first world war, the Allies gave the Arabs 99% of the "vast, underpopulated territories" liberated from the Turks to satisfy their national aspirations and five independent Arab states were established. One per cent was reserved for the Jews "in the land of their origin".

"In the august scale of justice, which weighs need against need, there is no doubt as to whose is more heavy." What the Jews were allotted in the Balfour Declaration "redresses the balance" of justice and history. He concluded by appealing to Nehru to brush aside "the rivalries of power politics and the egotism of petty nationalist appetites" and to support "the glorious renascence which has begun in Palestine".

Nehru replied back saying that due to India's national interests (Muslim minority and Arab friendship), we could not support them and India voted with the Muslim states against partition. Einstein's exchange with Nehru recently surfaced in the Israeli archives and provides details of the mails they exchanged and the mails they did not exchange. Even though Nehru declined Einstein's request, he went and met him later in 1949.